A highly efficient nanostructured quinary photocatalyst for hydrogen production

Semiconductor photocatalysts play a crucial role when it comes to environmental issues such as global warming, pollutant degradation, fuel shortage, and energy crisis. In this paper, three nanostructured compound (3‐, 4‐, and 5‐component) semiconductor materials were synthesized through a facile one‐pot hydrothermal method, and were applied as alloy photocatalysts to generate hydrogen fuel via a water photo‐splitting process. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms revealed that the synthesized materials were all mesoporous and the highest surface area was witnessed for Ag‐doped quinary photocatalyst, viz. Cd_0.1Zn_0.87Sn_0.01Ag_0.01S (CZTSS). This heterogeneous photocatalyst exhibited a maximum performance in evolving hydrogen gas. The superiority of CZTSS was justified in terms of its greater surface area, higher conduction band and its silver plasmon resonance, enhancing the light absorption at long wavelengths. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a spectacular nanostructure for this photocatalyst that was comprised of nanoparticles, platelets, and microspheres attached together. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analyses of the CZTSS also proved the synthesis of the quinary photocatalyst, having different compositions in distinct zones. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In-plane light emission of organic light-emitting transistors with bilayer structure using ambipolar semiconducting polymers

The concept of using an ambipolar bilayer semiconducting heterostructure in organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) is introduced to provide a new approach to achieve surface emission. The properties of top-gate-type bilayer OLETs with ambipolar materials based on two types of fluorene-type polymers used as an emissive layer and an electron blocking layer are investigated. Line-shaped yellow–green emission occurs near a hole-injection electrode. When hole transport is dominant in the upper layer which acts as an electron blocking layer, and electrons are injected into the lower layer, an in-plane light-emitting pattern is observed. The measured in-plane emission zone confirms that both hole and electron transport are determined to occur mainly along the different organic layers between the source and drain electrodes, and an in-plane recombination zone of electrons and holes exists near the bilayer organic interface. This work is anticipated to be useful for the development of in-plane light-emitting transistors.     

Intense-pulsed-light irradiation of Ag nanowire-based transparent electrodes for use in flexible organic light emitting diodes

Silver nanowire (AgNW) based transparent electrodes are inherently coarse and therefore typically are only ever weakly bonded to a substrate. A remarkable improvement in the characteristics of a AgNW network film has, however, been achieved through a simple and short process of irradiating it with intense pulsed light (IPL). This not only avoids any severe deterioration in the optical characteristics of the AgNW film, but also significantly improves its electrical conductivity, adhesion to a polymeric substrate, and ability to endure bending stress. Most important of all, however, is the finding that the surface roughness of AgNW networks can also be improved by radiation. In a series of measurements made of organic light emitting diodes fabricated using these treated electrodes, it was revealed that the leakage current can be notably reduced by IPL treatment.     

Deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter with a very high fluorescence rate

Conventional thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules achieve small energy differences between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (ΔE_ST) by enhancing the intramolecular charge transfer, which inevitably leads to a wide emission spectrum and low fluorescence rate. Here, we prepared a deep blue TADF molecule via a small ΔE_ST pyridine-phenol fluoroboron complex as the acceptor. The small ΔE_ST is maintained when carbazole donors are attached to the 4-position of the phenyl rings in the fluoroboron complex. Benefiting from the strong electron coupling between the donor (D) and acceptor (A) moieties, the compound Cz-4-BF exhibits a high fluorescence rate of 4.8 × 10⁸ s⁻¹ and a small D-A dihedral angle change in the excited state. Consequently, a photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of nearly 100% and a PL spectrum with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) < 60 nm were obtained in solution and low-concentration doped films. A TADF-sensitized fluorescence (TSF) device containing Cz-4-BF achieves an external quantum efficiency of 21%, which is higher than the devices employing classical fluorescent emitters and multiple resonance-type TADF emitters. The Cz-4-BF-based TSF device shows significantly improved color coordinates of (0.14, 0.10) versus a control device without Cz-4-BF.     

高强度堵水剂裂缝细管模型堵水模拟实验

在裂缝性致密储层中，裂缝既是油流通道又是水驱窜流通道，在注水开发中由于裂缝的存在导致水驱波及效率低，从而形成无效注水开发。此外，裂缝性储层的封堵又存在大裂缝封堵效果差、有效期短等问题。鉴于此研制了水溶性酚醛树脂冻胶和单体地层聚合高强度堵剂体系，测定了堵剂在70℃下的成胶性能、稳定性以及封堵强度等。通过细管模拟裂缝研究了不同因素对堵剂突破压力的影响；通过可视化细管研究了堵剂在管中的突破方式以及影响因素。研究结果表明，水溶性酚醛树脂冻胶的突破压力随着冻胶强度的增加而增加，随着管径的增加而减小，随着注水速度的增加先减小、后增加，最后稳定；单体地层聚合堵剂的突破压力随着堵剂强度的增加而增加，随着管径的增加先增大、后减小。在可视化细管实验中，堵剂突破时并不完全沿细管中心突破，其堵剂的强度与黏附性等因素有关。     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunctions under solar light illumination

The solar light sensitive g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction photocatalysts containing 20, 50, 80, and 90 wt% graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) were prepared by growing Titania (TiO₂) nanoparticles on the surfaces of g-C₃N₄ particles via one step hydrothermal process. The hydrothermal reactions were allowed to take place at 110 °C at autogenous pressure for 1 h. Raman spectroscopy analyses confirmed that an interface developed between the surfaces of TiO₂ and g-C₃N₄ nanoparticles. The photocatalyst containing 80 wt% g-C₃N₄ was subsequently heat treated 1 h at temperatures between 350 and 500 °C to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. Structural and optical properties of the prepared g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction nanocomposites were compared with those of the pristine TiO₂ and pristine g-C₃N₄ powders. Photocatalytic activity of all the nanocomposites and the pristine TiO₂ and g-C₃N₄ powders were assessed by the Methylene Blue (MB) degradation test under solar light illumination. g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction photocatalysts exhibited better photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB than both pristine TiO₂ and g-C₃N₄. The photocatalytic efficiency of the g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction photocatalyst heat treated at 400 °C for 1 h is 1.45 times better than that of the pristine TiO₂ powder, 2.20 times better than that of the pristine g-C₃N₄ powder, and 1.24 times better than that of the commercially available TiO₂ powder (Degussa P25). The improvement in photocatalytic efficiency was related to i) the generation of reactive oxidation species induced by photogenerated electrons, ii) the reduced recombination rate for electron-hole pairs, and iii) large specific surface area.     

3＋9×0.175NT钢丝帘线在轻型载重子午线轮胎胎体中的应用

研究3+9×0.175NT钢丝帘线在轻型载重子午线轮胎胎体中的应用。结果表明,采用1层压延密度为83根·dm-1的3+9×0.175NT钢丝帘布替代3层压延密度为110根·dm^-1的1670dtex/2-28EPI聚酯帘布用于6.50R1610PR轻型载重子午线轮胎胎体,压延工艺良好,成型和硫化过程正常。成品轮胎质量减小,成本降低,充气外缘尺寸、强度性能、耐久性能和高速性能均符合国家标准或企业标准要求。     

金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）用于气态轻烃的高效分离研究进展

气态轻烃（C₁～C₃）如甲烷、乙烯、丙烯分别作为应用最广的清洁燃料和大宗化工产品，在国民经济中占据重要的地位。然而，在其生产过程中广泛存在着分离与提纯能耗较高的问题。金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）作为第三代新型多孔材料，近年来在轻烃分离领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了MOFs用于气态轻烃分离的现状和机理，总结了本文作者课题组针对不同轻烃产物的分离要求，对MOFs进行了精确的孔径调控、配体功能化修饰、构筑吸附位点、调变柔性结构“开口压力”等，实现了多种气态轻烃组分的高效分离。最后，针对低碳烃工业分离过程中存在的关键问题，对MOFs材料的吸附分离机理进行了深入分析，以及MOFs工业化应用所面临的结构稳定性与分离工艺匹配等进行了展望。